എഫിഡ്ര (സസ്യം)
| Ephedra | |
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| Ephedra fragilis in Mallorca | |
| Scientific classification | |
| കിങ്ഡം: | |
| (unranked): | |
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| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | Ephedra
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| Global range of Ephedra | |
| Synonyms | |
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Chaetocladus Nelson 1866 nom. illeg. | |
എഫിഡ്ര (Ephedra) എന്നത് അനാവൃതബീജി കുറ്റിച്ചെടികളാണ്. എഫേഡ്രേസി കുടുംബത്തിലും എഫേഡ്രലസ് നിരയിലുൾപ്പെട്ട ഒരേയൊരു ജനുസ്സാണ് ഇത്. തെക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറൻ ഉത്തരേന്ത്യ, തെക്കൻ യൂറോപ്പ്, വടക്കേ ആഫ്രിക്ക, തെക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറൻ, മധ്യേഷ്യ, വടക്കൻ ചൈന, പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ ദക്ഷിണ അമേരിക്ക എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലെല്ലാം വൈവിധ്യമാർന്ന എഫിഡ്രയുടെ വിവിധ സ്പീഷീസുകൾ വ്യാപിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്.[1]സമൃദ്ധമായ കാലാവസ്ഥകളിൽ, മിക്ക എഫിഡ്ര ഇനങ്ങളും നേരിട്ട് സൂര്യപ്രകാശത്തിൽ മണ്ണ് അല്ലെങ്കിൽ മണലിൽ വളരുന്നു. ജോയിന്റ് പൈൻ, ജോയിന്റ്ഫിർ, മോർമോൺ-ടീ അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ബ്രിഗാം ടീ എന്നിവ പൊതുനാമങ്ങളാണ്. എഫിഡ്ര സ്പീഷീസുകളുടെ ചൈനീസ് നാമം mahuang എന്നാണ്.(ലളിതമായ ചൈനീസ്: 麻黄; പരമ്പരാഗത ചൈനീസ്: 麻黃; പിൻയിൻ: máhuáng; വേഡ്-ഗൈൽസ്: മാ-ഹുവാംഗ്; അക്ഷരാർത്ഥത്തിൽ "ഹെമ്പ് യെല്ലോ").
സ്പീഷീസ്
[തിരുത്തുക]Accepted species:[2]
- Ephedra alata Decaisne 1824 – North Africa, Arabian Peninsula
- Ephedra altissima Desfontaines 1799 non Bové 1834 non Delile 1813 non Buch 1828 – North Africa, Canary Islands
- Ephedra americana Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow 1806 – Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina, Chile
- Ephedra antisyphilitica Berland ex von Meyer 1845 – Clapweed, Erect Ephedra – Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Nuevo León, Coahuila, Chihuahua
- Ephedra aphylla Forsskål 1775 – eastern Mediterranean from Libya and Cyprus to the Persian Gulf
- Ephedra × arenicola Cutler 1939 – Arizona, Utah (hybrid, E. cutleri × E. torreyana)
- Ephedra aspera Engelmann ex Watson 1882 – Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal – Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, California, Chihuahua, Durango, Zacatecas, Sinaloa, Sonora, Baja California
- Ephedra aurantiaca Takhtajan & Pachomova 1967 – Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan
- Ephedra boelckei F.A.Roig – Argentina
- Ephedra botschantzevii Pachom. – Kazakhstan, Tuva region of Siberia
- Ephedra breana Phil. – Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina
- Ephedra brevifoliata Ghahr. – Iran
- Ephedra californica S.Wats. – California Ephedra, California Jointfir – California, western Arizona, Baja California
- Ephedra chilensis C.Presl – Chile, Argentina
- Ephedra compacta Rose – widespread in much of Mexico
- Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed – Cory's Ephedra – Texas, New Mexico
- Ephedra cutleri Peebles – Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir – Colorado, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming
- Ephedra dahurica Turcz. – Siberia, Mongolia
- Ephedra dawuensis Y.Yang – Sichuan
- Ephedra distachya L. – Joint-pine, Jointfir – southern Europe and central Asia from Portugal to Kazakhstan
- Ephedra × eleutherolepis V.A.Nikitin – Tajikistan (hybrid E. intermedia × E. strobilacea)
- Ephedra equisetina Bunge – Ma huang – Caucasus, Central Asia, Siberia, Mongolia, Gansu, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Xinjiang
- Ephedra fasciculata A.Nelson – Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea – Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah
- Ephedra fedtschenkoae Paulsen – Central Asia, Siberia, Mongolia, Xinjiang
- Ephedra foeminea Forssk. – North Africa, Somalia, Balkans, Italy, Middle East; naturalized in Santa Barbara County of California
- Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A.Mey. – North Africa, Somalia, Middle East, India
- Ephedra fragilis Desf. – Mediterranean, Canary Islands, Madeira
- Ephedra frustillata Miers – Patagonian Ephedra – Chile, Argentina
- Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton – Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir – California, Arizona, Nevada
- Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer – Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang – Himalayas, Tibet, Yunnan, Siberia, Central Asia
- Ephedra glauca Regel – Iran, Central Asia, Mongolia
- Ephedra holoptera Riedl – Iran
- Ephedra intermedia Schrenk & C.A.Meyer – China, Siberia, Central Asia, Himalayas, Iran, Pakistan
- Ephedra × intermixta H.C.Cutler – New Mexico (hybrid E. trifurca × E. torreyana)
- Ephedra kardangensis P.Sharma & P.L.Uniyal – western Himalayas
- Ephedra khurikensis P.Sharma & P.L.Uniyal – western Himalayas
- Ephedra laristanica Assadi – Iran
- Ephedra likiangensis Florin – Guizhou, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan
- Ephedra lomatolepis Schrenk – Kazakhstan, Tuva region of Siberia
- Ephedra major Host – Mediterranean, Middle East, Central Asia; from Canary Islands to Kashmir
- Ephedra milleri Freitag & Maier-St. – Oman, Yemen
- Ephedra minuta Florin – Qinghai, Sichuan
- Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer – Siberia, Mongolia, much of China including Tibet and
- Ephedra yangthangensis Prabha Sharma & Rita Singh – Yangthang to Ka, Leo, Nako, Chango, Chulling,
Sumdo, Hoorling and Lira of Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh[3] Xinjiang
- Ephedra multiflora Phil. ex Stapf – Chile, Argentina
- Ephedra nevadensis S.Wats. – Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea – Baja California, California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Oregon
- Ephedra ochreata Miers – Argentina
- Ephedra oxyphylla Riedl – Afghanistan
- Ephedra pachyclada Boiss. – Middle East from Sinai and Yemen to Pakistan
- Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. – Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir – Texas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, San Luis Potosí, Nuevo León, Zacatecas
- Ephedra pentandra Pachom. – Iran
- Ephedra przewalskii Stapf – Central Asia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Tibet
- Ephedra pseudodistachya Pachom. – Siberia, Mongolia
- Ephedra regeliana Florin – Xi Zi Ma Huang – Central Asia, Siberia, Pakistan, Xinjiang
- Ephedra rhytidosperma Pachom. – Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Mongolia
- Ephedra rituensis Y.Yang, D.Z.Fu & G.H.Zhu – Qinghai, Xinjiang, Tibet
- Ephedra rupestris Benth. – Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina
- Ephedra sarcocarpa Aitch. & Hemsl. -Pakiostan, Afghanistan
- Ephedra sinica Stapf – Cao Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra – Mongolia, Siberia, Primorye, Manchuria
- Ephedra somalensis Freitag & Maier-St. – Somalia, Eritrea
- Ephedra strobilacea Bunge – Iran, Central Asia
- Ephedra sumlingensis P.Sharma & P.L.Uniyal – western Himalayas
- Ephedra tilhoana Maire – Chad
- Ephedra torreyana S.Wats. – Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo – Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua
- Ephedra transitoria Riedl – Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Saudi Arabia
- Ephedra triandra Tul. -Bolivia, Argentina
- Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats. – Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote – California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua, Sonora, Baja California
- Ephedra tweedieana C.A.Mey. – Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay
- Ephedra viridis Coville – Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea – California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, South Dakota, Oregon
- Ephedra vvedenskyi Pachom. – Iran, Caucasus, Turkmenistan
അവലംബം
[തിരുത്തുക]- ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families[പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി]
- ↑ https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJPT/article/view/30850
പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ
[തിരുത്തുക]
Ephedraceae എന്ന വിഷയവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചിത്രങ്ങൾ വിക്കിമീഡിയ കോമൺസിലുണ്ട്.
- Ephedra viridis (Plants for a Future Database)
- Usage in Chinese Medicine
- Ephedra fact sheet, NIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
- Ephedrea (Evidence and dosing) Archived 2017-09-22 at the Wayback Machine, Mayo Clinic
- Ephedra - Clinical summary and mechanism of action, MSKCC Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Ephedraceae of Mongolia in FloraGREIF Archived 2016-04-04 at the Wayback Machine