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മെസ്സിയർ വസ്തുക്കളുടെ പട്ടിക

വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം.


ഫ്രഞ്ചുകാരനായ വാൽനക്ഷത്ര നിരീക്ഷകൻ ചാൾസ് മെസ്സിയർ നിരീക്ഷണപഠനങ്ങളിലൂടെ പട്ടികയിലാക്കിയ ഖഗോളവസ്തുക്കളാണു മെസ്സിയർ വസ്തു (Messier object) എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്നത്. വാൽ നക്ഷത്രങ്ങളെ തിരയുന്നതിനിടെ വാൽനക്ഷത്രത്തോട് സാദൃശ്യമുള്ളതായ കുറേ ഖഗോള വസ്തുക്കൾ, മെസ്സിയറിനെ വല്ലാതെ ബുദ്ധിമുട്ടിലാക്കി. ഇങ്ങനെയുള്ള ഖഗോളവസ്തുക്കളെ വാൽനക്ഷത്രങ്ങളായി തെറ്റിദ്ധരിക്കാതിരിക്കാൻ, മെസ്സിയർ ഇവയ്ക്കെല്ലാം ഓരോ സംഖ്യ കൊടുത്ത് പട്ടികയിലാക്കി. ഈ വസ്തുക്കളാണു് പിന്നീടു് മെസ്സിയർ വസ്തു (Messier object) എന്നറിയപ്പെട്ടത്. മെസ്സിയർ വസ്തുക്കൾ എല്ലാം തന്നെ ഗാലക്സികളോ, നെബുലകളോ, ഓപ്പൺ ക്ലസ്റ്ററുകളോ, ഗ്ലോബുലാർ ക്ലസ്റ്ററുകളോ ആണെന്നു് പിന്നീടു് തെളിയിക്കപ്പെട്ടു.

M1, M2,...എന്നിങ്ങനെയാണ് മെസ്സിയർ ഇവയെ നാമകരണം ചെയ്തത്. ഉദാഹരണത്തിന് ആൻഡ്രോമിഡ ഗാലക്സിയുടെ ഈ കാറ്റലോഗ് പ്രകാരം ഉള്ള പേര് ‍M31 എന്നാണ്. ആകെ 110 ഖഗോള വസ്തുക്കളാണ് ഈ കാറ്റലോഗിൽ ഉള്ളത്. 1781-ൽ ആണ് ഈ കാറ്റലോഗ് പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയത്. മെസ്സിയർ ജീവിച്ചത് ഫ്രാൻസിലായത് കൊണ്ട് ദക്ഷിണാർദ്ധഗോളത്തിലെ പല പ്രധാന ഖഗോളവസ്തുക്കളേയും ഈ കാറ്റലോഗിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടില്ല.

മെസ്സിയർ വസ്തുക്കൾ

[തിരുത്തുക]

  Star cluster   Nebula   Galaxy   Other

മെസ്സിയർ വസ്തു NGC സംഖ്യ തനതുനാമം ചിത്രം ഖഗോളവസ്തുവിന്റെ തരം ദൂരം (kly) നക്ഷത്രരാശി Apparent magnitude
M1[1] NGC 1952 Crab Nebula Supernova remnant 6.3 Taurus 9.0
M2[2] NGC 7089   Cluster, globular 36 Aquarius 7.5
M3[3] NGC 5272   Cluster, globular 31 Canes Venatici 7.0
M4[4] NGC 6121   Cluster, globular 7 Scorpius 7.5
M5[5] NGC 5904   Cluster, globular 23 Serpens 7.0
M6[6] NGC 6405 Butterfly Cluster Cluster, open 2 Scorpius 4.5
M7[7] NGC 6475 Ptolemy Cluster Cluster, open 1 Scorpius 3.5
M8[8] NGC 6523 Lagoon Nebula Nebula with cluster 6.5 Sagittarius 6.0
M9[9] NGC 6333   Cluster, globular 26 Ophiuchus 9.0
M10[10] NGC 6254   Cluster, globular 13 Ophiuchus 7.5
M11[11] NGC 6705 Wild Duck Cluster Cluster, open 6 Scutum 7.0
M12[12] NGC 6218   Cluster, globular 18 Ophiuchus 8.0
M13[13] NGC 6205 Great Globular Cluster in Hercules Cluster, globular 22 Hercules 5.8
M14[14] NGC 6402   Cluster, globular 27 Ophiuchus 9.5
M15[15] NGC 7078 Cluster, globular 33 Pegasus 7.5
M16[16] NGC 6611 Eagle Nebula Nebula, H II region with cluster 7 Serpens 6.5
M17[17] NGC 6618 Omega, Swan, Horseshoe, or Lobster Nebula Nebula, H II region with cluster 5 Sagittarius 6.0
M18[18] NGC 6613   Cluster, open 6 Sagittarius 8.0
M19[19] NGC 6273   Cluster, globular 27 Ophiuchus 8.5
M20[20] NGC 6514 Trifid Nebula Nebula, H II region with cluster 5.2 Sagittarius 6.3
M21[21] NGC 6531   Cluster, open 3 Sagittarius 7.0
M22[22] NGC 6656 Sagittarius Cluster Cluster, globular 10 Sagittarius 5.1
M23[23] NGC 6494   Cluster, open 4.5 Sagittarius 6.0
M24[24] IC 4715 Sagittarius Star Cloud Milky Way star cloud 10.0 Sagittarius 4.6
M25[25] IC 4725   Cluster, open 2 Sagittarius 4.9
M26[26] NGC 6694   Cluster, open 5 Scutum 9.5
M27[27] NGC 6853 Dumbbell Nebula Nebula, planetary 1.25 Vulpecula 7.5
M28[28] NGC 6626   Cluster, globular 18 Sagittarius 8.5
M29[29] NGC 6913   Cluster, open 7.2 Cygnus 9.0
M30[30] NGC 7099   Cluster, globular 25 Capricornus 8.5
M31[31] NGC 224 Andromeda Galaxy Galaxy, spiral 2,500 Andromeda 3.4
M32[32] NGC 221   Galaxy, dwarf elliptical 2,900 Andromeda 10.0
M33[33] NGC 598 Triangulum Galaxy Galaxy, spiral 2,810 Triangulum 5.7
M34[34] NGC 1039   Cluster, open 1.4 Perseus 6.0
M35[35] NGC 2168   Cluster, open 2.8 Gemini 5.5
M36[36] NGC 1960   Cluster, open 4.1 Auriga 6.5
M37[37] NGC 2099   Cluster, open 4.6 Auriga 6.0
M38[38] NGC 1912   Cluster, open 4.2 Auriga 7.0
M39[39] NGC 7092   Cluster, open 0.8 Cygnus 5.5
M40[40]   Winnecke 4 Double star WNC4 0.5 Ursa Major 9.0
M41[41] NGC 2287   Cluster, open 2.3 Canis Major 4.5
M42[42] NGC 1976 Orion Nebula Nebula, H II region 1.6 Orion 4.0
M43[43] NGC 1982 De Mairan's Nebula Nebula, H II region
(part of the Orion Nebula)
1.6 Orion 7.0
M44[44] NGC 2632 Beehive Cluster Cluster, open 0.6 Cancer 3.7
M45[45]   Pleiades Cluster, open 0.4 Taurus 1.6
M46[46] NGC 2437   Cluster, open 5.4 Puppis 6.5
M47[47] NGC 2422   Cluster, open 1.6 Puppis 4.5
M48[48] NGC 2548   Cluster, open 1.5 Hydra 5.5
M49[49] NGC 4472   Galaxy, elliptical 60,000 Virgo 10.0
M50[50] NGC 2323   Cluster, open 3 Monoceros 7.0
M51[51] NGC 5194, NGC 5195 Whirlpool Galaxy Galaxy, spiral 37,000 Canes Venatici 8.4
M52[52] NGC 7654   Cluster, open 7 Cassiopeia 8.0
M53[53] NGC 5024   Cluster, globular 56 Coma Berenices 8.5
M54[54] NGC 6715   Cluster, globular 83 Sagittarius 8.5
M55[55] NGC 6809   Cluster, globular 17 Sagittarius 7.0
M56[56] NGC 6779   Cluster, globular 32 Lyra 9.5
M57[57] NGC 6720 Ring Nebula Nebula, planetary 2.3 Lyra 8.8
M58[58] NGC 4579   Galaxy, barred spiral 60,000 Virgo 11.0
M59[59] NGC 4621   Galaxy, elliptical 60,000 Virgo 11.5
M60[60] NGC 4649   Galaxy, elliptical 60,000 Virgo 10.5
M61[61] NGC 4303   Galaxy, spiral 60,000 Virgo 10.5
M62[62] NGC 6266   Cluster, globular 22 Ophiuchus 8.0
M63[63] NGC 5055 Sunflower Galaxy Galaxy, spiral 37,000 Canes Venatici 8.5
M64[64] NGC 4826 Black Eye Galaxy Galaxy, spiral 12,000 Coma Berenices 9.0
M65[65] NGC 3623 Leo Triplet Galaxy, barred spiral 35,000 Leo 10.5
M66[66] NGC 3627 Leo Triplet Galaxy, barred spiral 35,000 Leo 10.0
M67[67] NGC 2682   Cluster, open 2.25 Cancer 7.5
M68[68] NGC 4590   Cluster, globular 32 Hydra 9.0
M69[69] NGC 6637   Cluster, globular 25 Sagittarius 9.0
M70[70] NGC 6681   Cluster, globular 28 Sagittarius 9.0
M71[71] NGC 6838   Cluster, globular 12 Sagitta 8.5
M72[72] NGC 6981   Cluster, globular 53 Aquarius 10.0
M73[73] NGC 6994   Asterism   Aquarius 9.0
M74[74] NGC 628   Galaxy, spiral 35,000 Pisces 10.5
M75[75] NGC 6864   Cluster, globular 58 Sagittarius 9.5
M76[76] NGC 650, NGC 651 Little Dumbbell Nebula Nebula, planetary 3.4 Perseus 10.1
M77[77] NGC 1068 Cetus A Galaxy, spiral 60,000 Cetus 10.5
M78[78] NGC 2068   Nebula, diffuse 1.6 Orion 8.0
M79[79] NGC 1904   Cluster, globular 40 Lepus 8.5
M80[80] NGC 6093   Cluster, globular 27 Scorpius 8.5
M81[81] NGC 3031 Bode's Galaxy Galaxy, spiral 12,000 Ursa Major 6.9
M82[82] NGC 3034 Cigar Galaxy Galaxy, starburst 11,000 Ursa Major 9.5
M83[83] NGC 5236 Southern Pinwheel Galaxy Galaxy, barred spiral 10,000 Hydra 8.5
M84[84] NGC 4374   Galaxy, lenticular 60,000 Virgo 11.0
M85[85] NGC 4382   Galaxy, lenticular 60,000 Coma Berenices 10.5
M86[86] NGC 4406   Galaxy, lenticular 60,000 Virgo 11.0
M87[87] NGC 4486 Virgo A Galaxy, elliptical 60,000 Virgo 11.0
M88[88] NGC 4501   Galaxy, spiral 60,000 Coma Berenices 11.0
M89[89] NGC 4552   Galaxy, elliptical 60,000 Virgo 11.5
M90[90] NGC 4569   Galaxy, spiral 60,000 Virgo 11.0
M91[91] NGC 4548   Galaxy, barred spiral 60,000 Coma Berenices 11.0
M92[92] NGC 6341   Cluster, globular 26 Hercules 7.5
M93[93] NGC 2447   Cluster, open 4.5 Puppis 6.5
M94[94] NGC 4736   Galaxy, spiral 14,500 Canes Venatici 9.5
M95[95] NGC 3351   Galaxy, barred spiral 38,000 Leo 11.0
M96[96] NGC 3368   Galaxy, spiral 38,000 Leo 10.5
M97[97] NGC 3587 Owl Nebula Nebula, planetary 2.6 Ursa Major 9.9
M98[98] NGC 4192   Galaxy, spiral 60,000 Coma Berenices 11.0
M99[99] NGC 4254   Galaxy, spiral 60,000 Coma Berenices 10.5
M100[100] NGC 4321   Galaxy, spiral 60,000 Coma Berenices 10.5
M101[101] NGC 5457 Pinwheel Galaxy Galaxy, spiral 27,000 Ursa Major 7.9
M102[102] (Not conclusively identified)[103]          
M103[104] NGC 581   Cluster, open 8 Cassiopeia 7.0
M104[105] NGC 4594 Sombrero Galaxy Galaxy, spiral 50,000 Virgo 9.5
M105[106] NGC 3379   Galaxy, elliptical 38,000 Leo 11.0
M106[107] NGC 4258   Galaxy, spiral 25,000 Canes Venatici 9.5
M107[108] NGC 6171   Cluster, globular 20 Ophiuchus 10.0
M108[109] NGC 3556   Galaxy, barred spiral 45,000 Ursa Major 11.0
M109[110] NGC 3992   Galaxy, barred spiral 55,000 Ursa Major 11.0
M110[111] NGC 205   Galaxy, dwarf elliptical 2,200 Andromeda 10.0
Messier number NGC Number Common name Picture Object type Distance (kly) Constellation Apparent magnitude

മെസ്സിയർ വസ്തുക്കൾ ആകാശമാപ്പിൽ

[തിരുത്തുക]
Messier Star Chart.

അവലംബം

[തിരുത്തുക]
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